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ALTER TABLE .. ADD FOREIGN KEY

Applies to ✅ Open Source Edition   ✅ Express Edition   ✅ Professional Edition   ✅ Enterprise Edition

All constraint types can be added with the ALTER TABLE statement. This includes FOREIGN KEY constraints:

// Adding an unnamed constraint to a table
create.alterTable("table").add(foreignKey("author_id").references("author")).execute();

// Adding a named constraint to a table
create.alterTable("table").add(constraint("fk").foreignKey("author_id").references("author")).execute();
It is recommended to always provide a name with a constraint to simplify schema management. See also this section of the manual

Dialect support

This example using jOOQ:

alterTable("t").add(constraint("pk").foreignKey("author_id").references("author"))

Translates to the following dialect specific expressions:

ASE, Access, Aurora MySQL, Aurora Postgres, CockroachDB, DB2, Derby, Exasol, Firebird, H2, HSQLDB, Hana, MariaDB, MemSQL, MySQL, Oracle, Postgres, Redshift, SQLDataWarehouse, SQLServer, Snowflake, Sybase, Teradata, Vertica, YugabyteDB

ALTER TABLE t ADD CONSTRAINT pk FOREIGN KEY (author_id) REFERENCES author

BigQuery, ClickHouse

ALTER TABLE t ADD CONSTRAINT pk FOREIGN KEY (author_id) REFERENCES author NOT ENFORCED

Informix

ALTER TABLE t ADD CONSTRAINT FOREIGN KEY (author_id) REFERENCES author CONSTRAINT pk

DuckDB, SQLite, Trino

/* UNSUPPORTED */
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