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ALTER TABLE .. ADD FOREIGN KEY
Applies to ✅ Open Source Edition ✅ Express Edition ✅ Professional Edition ✅ Enterprise Edition
All constraint types can be added with the ALTER TABLE statement. This includes FOREIGN KEY constraints:
// Adding an unnamed constraint to a table
create.alterTable("table").add(foreignKey("author_id").references("author")).execute();
// Adding a named constraint to a table
create.alterTable("table").add(constraint("fk").foreignKey("author_id").references("author")).execute();
It is recommended to always provide a name with a constraint to simplify schema management. See also this section of the manual
Dialect support
This example using jOOQ:
alterTable("t").add(constraint("pk").foreignKey("author_id").references("author"))
Translates to the following dialect specific expressions:
ASE, Access, Aurora MySQL, Aurora Postgres, CockroachDB, DB2, Derby, Exasol, Firebird, H2, HSQLDB, Hana, MariaDB, MemSQL, MySQL, Oracle, Postgres, Redshift, SQLServer, Snowflake, Sybase, Teradata, Vertica, YugabyteDB
ALTER TABLE t ADD CONSTRAINT pk FOREIGN KEY (author_id) REFERENCES author
BigQuery, ClickHouse, SQLDataWarehouse
ALTER TABLE t ADD CONSTRAINT pk FOREIGN KEY (author_id) REFERENCES author NOT ENFORCED
Informix
ALTER TABLE t ADD CONSTRAINT FOREIGN KEY (author_id) REFERENCES author CONSTRAINT pk
DuckDB, SQLite, Trino
/* UNSUPPORTED */
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